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ACCESSIONPLANT NAMETAXONOMYORIGINGENEBANKIMAGEAVAILABILITYRECEIVEDSOURCE TYPESOURCE DATECOLLECTION SITECOORDINATESELEVATIONHABITATIMPROVEMENT LEVELNARRATIVE
0PI 672652R. armeniacus DVS3Rubus armeniacus Focke California, United StatesCOR2011COLLECTED12/11/2008from the west end of the UC Davis campus, Yolo County, California38.54332000, -121.76675000Large bush growing next to feral Boysenberry in abandoned community garden.CultivarDVS3: R. armeniacus Collected December 11, 2008 from the west end of the UC Davis campus, Yolo County, California Molecularly confirmed to be the R. armeniacus genotype that is widespread across the West Coast US. Lat: 38.54332, Long: -121.76675, Elev: 16 m Notes on habitat: Large bush growing next to feral Boysenberry in abandoned community garden. No images 1881225PI 672652
1PI 638309'R. gliacus variegated'Rubus armeniacus Focke Oregon, United StatesCORLEAF2004DONATED07/26/2004CultivarVariegated Blackberry - Rubus armeniacus 'Variegatus'. Chimeral chlorophyll mutation expressed as white leaf margins. Dancing Oaks Nursery obtained clone from Philip Curtis Farms, Oregon City, Oregon. Originally received as a R. ursinus but was re-identified to R. armeniacus.

reidentified to R. armeniacus Originally received as R. ursinus

1662011PI 638309
2PI 638228R. armeniacusRubus armeniacus Focke Oregon, United StatesCORLEAF2003COLLECTED05/02/2003Wild material1646447PI 638228
3PI 638230R. armeniacusRubus armeniacus Focke Oregon, United StatesCORLEAF2003COLLECTED05/02/2003Wild material1646449PI 638230
4PI 672603R. armeniacus from Armenia 02-010Rubus armeniacus Focke ArmeniaCOR2002COLLECTED09/01/2002From open market in Kapan, Syunik Marz provence. Collected from around Kapan.39.20861000, 46.40361000810Purchased in open market; collected in wild around Kapan - possibly a mix of species. Blackberry that grows like a shrub.Wild material1642345PI 672603
5PI 618543R. armeniacus 2 PAI 1ARubus armeniacus Focke ChileCOR1992COLLECTED02/1992Breeding materialCollection information is forthcoming1014787PI 618543
6PI 618545R. armeniacus 2 PAI 1CRubus armeniacus Focke ChileCOR1992COLLECTED02/1992Breeding materialCollection information is forthcoming1014803PI 618545
7PI 618546R. armeniacus 2 BIO 1ARubus armeniacus Focke ChileCOR1992COLLECTED02/1992Breeding materialCollection information is forthcoming1014809PI 618546
8PI 618547R. armeniacus 2 GOR 1ARubus armeniacus Focke ChileCOR1992COLLECTED02/1992Breeding materialCollection information is forthcoming1014824PI 618547
9PI 553841R. armeniacus H-5Rubus armeniacus Focke Hawaii, United StatesCOR1983COLLECTED08/08/1983Volcano Experiment Station, Big Island19.46453000, -155.248630001160Volcano Experiment Station, Big IslandWild materialFruit here is small, with few drupelets, not vigorous1448813PI 553841
10PI 553842R. armeniacus H-9Rubus armeniacus Focke Hawaii, United StatesCOR1983COLLECTED08/08/1983Along the road to the Mauna Loa Trail, Big Island19.47308000, -155.357450001680Along the road to the Mauna Loa Trail, Big IslandWild materialFruits here are small with few drupelets1448814PI 553842
11PI 553843R. armeniacus H-32Rubus armeniacus Focke Hawaii, United StatesCOR1983COLLECTED08/10/1983Kapapala Ranch, Mauna Loa slope along a jeep road, Big Is.19.37448000, -155.447750002135Kapapala Ranch, Mauna Loa slope along a jeep road, Big island.Wild materialFruit here is small with few drupelets1448815PI 553843
12PI 553840R. armenacusRubus armeniacus Focke Oregon, United StatesCORSEED1983COLLECTED07/15/1983Between disturbed subdivision area and forest, Corvallis44.08333000, -123.0833300045Between disturbed subdivision area and forest, CorvallisWild materialOtto Jahn collection

1448812PI 553840
13PI 618579R. armeniacus RussiaRubus armeniacus Focke Russian FederationCOR1981COLLECTEDBreeding materialOriginal seedlot collected by J.W. Hull in the North Caucasus1508020PI 618579
14PI 679744R. ursinus MLK CorvallisRubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. Oregon, United StatesCOR2015COLLECTED06/20/2015back trail of MLK Park off Walnut Ave., Corvallis, Oregon44.59138889, -123.3111111115edge of trail understory of walnut treeWild materialPlant with 75% ripe black fruit, some immature unripe red. Trailing habit. Intermixed with Rubus armeniacus that was in full bloom. Fruit about 1 cm long x 0.5 cm. Black drupelets.1926847PI 679744
15PI 672647R. hybrid CSP6ARubus hybr.California, United StatesCORImage2011COLLECTED05/08/2011Caswell Memorial State Park, San Joaquin County, CA37.69462000, -121.1824800014Single cane 1.5 m long, semi-erect, next to similar canes, grass, and catchweed bedstraw.CultivarCSP6A: R. ursinus x armeniacus Collected May 8, 2008 in Caswell Memorial State Park, San Joaquin County, CA Distinct genotype from CSP2A. Lat: 37.69462, Long: -121.18248, Elev: 14 m Notes on habitat: Single cane 1.5 m long, semi-erect, next to similar canes, grass, and catchweed bedstraw. Associated image files: 1202, 1532 1881220PI 672647
16PI 654994'Onyx'Rubus hybr.Oregon, United StatesCOR2008DONATED04/29/2008Cultivarhttp://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/46/4/657.full ‘Onyx’ is a new trailing blackberry (Rubus subg. Rubus Watson) cultivar from the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) breeding program in Corvallis, OR, released in cooperation with the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Onyx’ is a vigorous, somewhat erect, thorny, trailing blackberry that produces moderate yields of uniform, firm, and sweet high quality fruit with excellent flavor that are suited for the local and wholesale fresh market. ‘Onyx’ is being released primarily as a result of its outstanding fresh fruit quality in the late season.

‘Onyx’, tested as ORUS 1523-4, was selected in Corvallis, OR, in 1997 from a cross made in 1995 of OSC 1466 and ORUS 1117-11. OSC 1466 was selected in 1966 and has always been noted for its productivity and outstanding fruit quality, especially flavor, but its fruit are small. ORUS 1117-11 is a thornless selection with high yields of late-ripening fruit with excellent quality. ‘Onyx’ is being released primarily as a result of its outstanding fresh fruit quality in the late season.





https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP22358P2/en Description and specifications of a new and distinct blackberry cultivar which originated from seed produced by a hand pollinated cross of OSC 1466 (non-patented)×ORUS 1117-11 (non-patented) is provided. This new trailing blackberry cultivar can be distinguished by its high yields, large fruit size, excellent fresh fruit quality, mid-late season fruit ripening, and healthy plants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the discovery of a new and distinct cultivar of blackberry hybrid plant botanically know as a Rubus subgenus Rubus hybrid and herein referred to as ‘ONYX’, as herein described and illustrated.

The new and distinct cultivar of blackberry originated from a hand pollinated cross of OSC 1466 (non-patented)×ORUS 1117-11 (non-patented).

Plants and fruit of this new cultivar differ phenotypically from its parents. The new cultivar is later ripening and larger in fruit size than the female parent OSC 1466 (non-patented) and has firmer, more uniformly shaped fruit than the male parent ORUS 1117-11 (non-patented). The new cultivar also has thorny canes, unlike the ORUS 1117-11 (non-patented) parent. The new cultivar has higher yields of firmer fruit than either of the parent blackberries. Although blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus) are highly heterogeneous and outcrossing, and most clones contain genes from more than one species, the new cultivar and its progenitor lines phenotypically exhibit characters predominately of the trailing western United States species, Rubus ursinus Cham et. Schltdl. (western trailing blackberry). Rubus idaeus L., (red raspberry), R. armeniacus Focke (Himalaya blackberry). R. baileyanus Britton, and R. argutus Link Porter (highbush blackberry) can all be found in the pedigree of this new cultivar.

The seeds resulting from this controlled hybridization were germinated in a greenhouse in the winter of 1995 and planted in a field in Corvallis, Oreg. in the spring. The seedlings fruited during the summer of 1997 and one, designated ORUS 1523-4, was selected for its mid-late season ripening, large fruit size, excellent fruit quality, and excellent plant health.

During 1997, the original plant selection was propagated asexually from dormant, hardwood cane cuttings from the above noted location. An observational plot of 3 plants was established at the above noted location and at Aurora, Oreg. in the spring of 1998. Subsequently, larger replicated plantings were established Aurora, Oreg. with asexually multiplied plants.

The new cultivar has been asexually multiplied annually since 1997 by the use of cane cuttings. The new cultivar was established in vitro from a cane cutting and microcuttings have been taken and rooted from this sort of culture. During all asexual multiplication, the characteristics of the original plant have been maintained and no aberrant phenotypes have appeared.

Test plantings over a wide geographic area have shown this new cultivar to be adapted to differing soil and climatic conditions although it is best adapted to Mediterranean type climates where trailing blackberries are typically grown.

Plants of the new cultivar are vigorous and prolific and establish well after planting. Primocanes and floricanes have typical trailing blackberry growth habit. The plants are thorny with size and density of thorns being less than ‘Marion’ (non-patented) at the base, comparable at midpoint, and more thorny at the terminus. The primocanes emerge and grow vertically for 30-60 cm before arching to the ground and growing along the ground. Primocanes are typically lifted and tied onto a trellis system and after going through the dormant period break bud, flower and fruit as floricanes. Plants show no particular susceptibility to anthracnose [Elsinoe veneta (Burkh.) Jenkins], septoria (Septoria rubi Westend), cane blight (Leptosphaeria coniothyrium ([Fuckel] Sacc.) spur blight (Didymella applanata [Niessl] Sacc.), and purple blotch (Septocyta ruborum [Lib.] Petr.) nor have they tested positive for Raspberry bushy dwarf virus. The bloom period of the new cultivar averages 4-5 days later than the ‘Marion’ (non-patented) and 8-11 days later than ‘Black Diamond’ (non-patented).

Fruit of the new cultivar begin ripening 19 days later than ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented) and 9 days later than ‘Marion’ (non-patented). The average harvest date of 5% ripe fruit is 9 July, of 50% ripe fruit is 16 July, and 1 August for 95% ripe fruit in the Willamette Valley of Oregon and the midpoint of harvest is 7 days later than for ‘Marion’ (non-patented). Fruit yields of the new cultivar are usually around 14, 309 kg/hectare (6.39 tons/acre) and are comparable to those for ‘Marion’ (non-patented). Yields are consistent from year to year.

The fruit is conical, with very uniformly sized, shaped and arranged drupelets giving the fruit a very uniform, attractive shape. The fruit are bright glossy black. The fruit is medium large (6.1 g) and typically 1 g larger than ‘Marion’ (non-patented) and 0.5 g smaller than ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented). The new cultivar maintains a uniform fruit size throughout the harvest season. The new cultivar exhibits excellent fruit fertility with full drupelet set in contrast to ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented), which can have poorly set fruit tips; it also has much better drupelet set than ‘Marion’ (non-patented). The fruit is firm at maturity, rating much higher than ‘Marion’ (non-patented) and comparable to ‘Metolius’ (non-patented) and ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented).

The fresh fruit rates very good in flavor, being comparable to ‘Obsidian’ (non-patented), ‘Metolius’ (non-patented), and ‘Kotata’ (non-patented) but slightly lower than ‘Marion’ (non-patented) or ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented). The flavor is sweet with a nice acidic balance with aroma typical of western blackberries. The fruit texture is comparable to ‘Marion’ (non-patented), ‘Metolius’ (non-patented), ‘Obsidian’ (non-patented), and ‘Siskiyou’ (non-patented) and the seeds are much less noticeable than in ‘Chester Thornless’ (non-patented) and ‘Ouachita’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 17,162). The soluble solids concentration averages 13.7% on shiny black fruit, similar to ‘Marion’ (non-patented) (13.3%) and lower than ‘Navaho’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,679), (15.6%). Dry seed weight averages 3.28 mg/seed, and seeds are smaller than those of ‘Marion’ (non-patented) and ‘Black Diamond’ (non-patented) (each 3.95 mg seed).

Fruit clusters are medium-long (similar to ‘Marion’ (non-patented)), cymose, and are mostly borne on the periphery of the plant canopy, providing easy access to harvest. Flower fertility is high and clusters are well filled.

The new cultivar has been named the ONYX cultivar.
1777901PI 654994
17PI 653409R. leucodermis OregonRubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray Oregon, United StatesCOR2008COLLECTED07/2007Lane County. BLM land in Winberry Creek area near Lowell. 1850' elevation. R1E T19S Sec1343.91580000, -122.63950000565Growing in vicinity: Rubus parviflorus, Rubus laciniatus, Rubus armeniacus, Rhamnus purshiana, Lotus corniculatus.Wild materialMichael Russell collected from Oregon.

1750545PI 653409
18PI 638315R. ursinus GP 13s-7Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. Oregon, United StatesCORLEAF2004DEVELOPED1998Breeding materialIn 1993 and 1994 we collected a great deal of Rubus ursinus from the Pacific Northwest as seed as well as vegetative cuttings. We grew these populations out in a common garden and used a number of parents in crosses. While we began with several thousand seedlings we have culled that down to about a dozen. These were either chosen as superior clones, representatives of superior populations, or in an attempt to keep the selection of R. ursinus germplasm broad.Tested as having a ploidy of 12x by flow cytometry by Meng (1998). Collected as seed. When population grown out appeared to not be pure R. ursinus based on vegetative morphology and what appear to be hermaphroditic flowers. Best guess would be that it was a hybrid between R. ursinus and R. armeniacus (R. procerus.). Extremely vigorous and disease resistant compared to typical R. ursinus but poor drupelet set. Subsequent hybridizations with R. ursinus derivatives and R. armeniacus have produced seed but no plants.1664005PI 638315
19PI 553254'Marion'Rubus hybr.Oregon, United StatesCORFruit1992DEVELOPED1956CultivarOrig. in Corvallis, Ore., by George F. Waldo, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and Oregon Agr. Expt. Sta. Introd. in 1956. Chehalem x Olallie; cross made in 1945; selected in 1948; tested as US-Oregon 928. Fruit: medium to large; round in cross diameter, somewhat longer than wide; individual drupelet and seed size medium; skin bright black, not as bright as Chehalem or Evergreen, but more attractive than Boysen; flesh medium firm; quality high with excellent flavor, generally superior to Boysen or Evergreen; excellent for local markets, canning, freezing, pies, ice cream flavoring, jams, jellies; harvest season more favorable than Evergreen, ripening in Boysen season and before Evergreen in Oregon; resembles Himalaya or Chehalem. Bush: trailing; vigorous grower; generally only a few long canes, up to 20 ft long; spines large and numerous; fruiting later-als long and strong with many fruits; very productive, more so than Boysen, higher yields for a longer period than Boysen; adapted to western Oregon and western Washington. Named after Marion County, in which it was tested extensively.BandO

Cultivar release by George Waldo cross made in 1945, selected in 1948, tested as USOR 928; introduced in 1956

Cultivar Synonym= Tested as ORUS 928

NAMED FOR= Marion County, Oregon, where it was tested extensively
1448226PI 553254
20PI 553946R. armeniacus HawaiiRubus sp.Hawaii, United StatesCOR1985COLLECTED02/22/1985Wailua, Island of Kauai. Sandy-volcanic soil22.00000000, -159.500000001100Wailua, Island of Kauai. Sandy-volcanic soilWild materialFruit fully ripe 2-22-85, many fruit deformed shape1448918PI 553946
21PI 710521CA360-166Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. California, United StatesS9SEED2019Wild material2091971PI 710521
22PI 637961F. virginiana subsp. platypetala BentonFragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier nothosubsp. cuneifolia (Nutt. ex Howell) Staudt Oregon, United StatesCOR2004COLLECTED05/20/2004From a meadow behind city lot 2775 N.W. 29th Street Corvallis, Oregon, Benton County44.58625000, -123.2844700095Open field, northwest facing slope with canary grass, Rubus armeniacus and Crataegus sp.Wild material1656324PI 637961
23W6 62488DCA00-18Baccharis pilularis DC. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild material2192186W6 62488
24W6 62489DCA00-19Diplacus aurantiacus (Curtis) Jeps. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild material2192187W6 62489
25W6 62597TYT-3Achillea millefolium L. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild materialYarrow hidden amongst grasses and ferns.2192295W6 62597
26W6 62648CA180A-13Helenium puberulum DC. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild materialRay flowers tiny to nonexistent; head yellow to brownish red. Borders recreational trail. Noticed that head count increased significantly between week of first ID and time of collection ~3 weeks.). Fruit falls off head and can be easily lost; collect heads by clipping stem. Quick turnaround between flower and fruit production. 1seed/fruit, average 692 seeds/head, estimated 86% viability.2192866W6 62648
27W6 62672CA330-228Fragaria vesca L. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild material2192890W6 62672
28W6 62710CA360-240Verbena lasiostachys Link California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild material2192928W6 62710
29W6 62724 RECA360A-22Asclepias fascicularis Decne. California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild materialRECOLLECTION. Surrounding berm of Paynes Creek Crossing, some in central portion of evaporated water drainage/ephemeral poolage. Roughly 1/4 still vegetative without any sign of infloresence or floral meristems. Some slight variation in developed follicle size. Beloved by praying mantises.2192942W6 62724 RE
30W6 62727CA360A-7Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro California, United StatesW6SEED2025Wild materialEphemeral wetland; Verbascum blattata, Rumex crispus, Taenitherium caput-medusae2192945W6 62727
31Ames 36284Oak Creek CanyonAlnus oblongifolia Torr. Arizona, United StatesNC7BARK2024COLLECTED10/18/2024Oak Creek Canyon, approximately five miles north-northeast of Sedona in the Coconino National Forest, T18N R6E Sec. 8 and Sec. 21 and also T19N R6E Sec. 22 and Sec. 27.35.01694800, -111.737559001538Creek beds in canyon bottom.Wild materialPlants sampled in nature had dark green, glossy leaves. Young bark is smooth and light grey, becoming dark and scaly with age. Approximately 50 feet in height.2169812Ames 36284
32W6 61510CA180-280Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G. L. Nesom California, United StatesW6SEED20242167609W6 61510
33W6 61583CA360-218Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl. California, United StatesW6SEED2024Wild material2168031W6 61583
34W6 61948OR090B-337Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. Oregon, United StatesW6SEED2024Wild materialNA2168353W6 61948
35W6 61949OR090B-338Juncus effusus L. Oregon, United StatesW6SEED2024Wild materialNA2168354W6 61949
36W6 61950OR090B-339Juncus patens E. Mey. Oregon, United StatesW6SEED2024Wild materialNA2168355W6 61950
37W6 60985CA330-218Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. California, United StatesW6SEED2023Wild materialTall grass, panicle inflorescence, lemma in herringbone arrangement, lemmas opposite arrangement, green broad leaves2142624W6 60985
38W6 61025CA360-196Cyperus eragrostis Lam. California, United StatesW6SEED2023Wild materialgrows in tussocks, seedheads axillary2142664W6 61025
39W6 61027CA360-198Elymus glaucus Buckley California, United StatesW6SEED2023Wild materialSeeds Grow in Pairs, Spiraling up the head2142666W6 61027
40Ames 35907Oak Creek CanyonFraxinus velutina Torr. Arizona, United StatesNC7SHOOT2022COLLECTED09/02/2022Oak Creek Canyon, approximately five miles north-northeast of Sedona in the Coconino National Forest. T18N R6E NE 1/4 NW 1/4 Sec. 21 .34.93600300, -111.744369001464Floodplain and riverbanks, growing in gravely soil.Wild materialMost of the velvet ash in this population are small trees (10-25 feet in height and approximately 5 inches DBH). Variation was noted for leaflet pubescence but with the petioles of all trees in the population being pubescent. 2139669Ames 35907
41OPGC 8604OR080-80Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H. St. John Oregon, United StatesOPGC2022Wild materialLarge, glabrous leaves with a large raceme of flowers and one large, yellow bract.2138327OPGC 8604
42OPGC 8649CA360-191Hastingsia alba (Durand) S. Watson California, United StatesOPGC2022Wild materialdense inflorescence, white flowers2138503OPGC 8649
43W6 59563OR080-69Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl. Oregon, United StatesW62021Wild materialLarge, 1-5ft, erect forb w/ a deep tap root. In Oregon, its habit can be like an evergreen subshrub. The flowers are purple-blue to white in coloration.2120729W6 59563
44W6 57638OR080-59Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. subsp. angustifolium Oregon, United StatesW62020Wild materialSOS 92nd Shipment2104936W6 57638
45W6 57644OR080-67Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. var. polyphyllus Oregon, United StatesW62020Wild material2104942W6 57644
46W6 57661CA180-208Prunella vulgaris L. California, United StatesW62020Wild materialSOS 92nd Shipment2104959W6 57661
47NA 87973OR080-36Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem. Oregon, United StatesNASEED2018COLLECTED07/22/2016Collected off the roadside of Hwy 22, approx. 10 miles south of the junction of hwy 22 and hwy 130.45.08000000, -123.63111000109Valley bottom roadside with a mix of conifer trees as dominant species (most likely planted), deciduous trees, as well as shrubby understory. Additional shrub and grass species including invasives such as Rubus armeniacus. Slight slopes, 0-5 degrees. Basalt derived clay soil.Wild material1957619NA 87973
48W6 52040CA180-117Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. California, United StatesW62017Wild material1947175W6 52040
49W6 51920OR130-109Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Watson Washington, United StatesW62017Wild material1947053W6 51920
50W6 51793OR110-838Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Oregon, United StatesW62017Wild material1943640W6 51793
51W6 43505CA360-118Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey California, United StatesW6SEED2012Wild material1898579W6 43505