Taxon:  Zizania palustris L.



Summary
Genus:
Zizania
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Oryzoideae
Tribe:
Oryzeae
Subtribe:
Zizaniinae
Nomen number:
42269
Place of publication:
Mant. pl. 2:295.  1771
Verified:
04/29/1994 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore (0 active accession[s])
Zizania palustris L. var. palustris (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Aiken, S. G. et al. 1988. Wild rice in Canada. 32.
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  3. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  4. Dore, W. G. & J. McNeill. 1980. Grasses of Ontario. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Monograph 26
  5. Dore, W. G. 1969. Wild rice. Publ. Dep. Agric. Canada 1393.
  6. Duvall, M. R. 1987. A systematic evaluation of the genus Zizania (Poaceae). Unpublished dissertation (University of Minnesota).
  7. Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
  8. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
  9. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia
  10. Kartesz, J. T. & R. Kartesz. 1980. A synonomized checklist of the flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  11. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  12. McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
  13. Mitchell, R. S., ed. 1986. A checklist of New York state plants. New York State Mus. Bull. 458 Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
  14. Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley. 1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas
  15. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  16. Porter, W. 2019. Wildrice (Zizania L.) in North America: Genetic resources, conservation, and use. In: Green, S. L. et al., North American crop wild relatives. Volume 2. Important species. 2:83-97. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_3.
  17. Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
  18. Terrell, E. E. & L. R. Batra. 1982. Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta, a grass-fungus association. Econ. Bot. 36:279.
  19. Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
  20. Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia
  21. Warwick, S. I. & S. G. Aiken. 1986. Electrophoretic evidence for the recognition of two species in annual wild rice (Zizania, Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 11:464-473. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
  22. Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
  23. Xu, X. et al. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of the eastern Asian-North American disjunct wild-rice genus (Zizania L., Poaceae). Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 55:1008-1017.
  24. Xu, X.-W. et al. 2015. Comparative phylogeography of the wild-rice genus Zizania (Poaceae) in Eastern Asia and North America. Amer. J. Bot. 102:1-9. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400323.
  25. International Seed Testing Association wild species list
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishwild rice as Zizania1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Germanwilder Reis  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Swedishindianris  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuébecs.Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinoisn.e.Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley. 1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMissouri Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNebraskae. & c.McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakotae.McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesSouth Dakotae.McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesIndianan.?Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhion.?Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvaniaErie Co.Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
4NaturalizedNorthern America North America natzd. elsewhereTerrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
Native
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Québec (s.), Ontario, New Brunswick]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Manitoba]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Indiana (n.?), Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio (n.?), Pennsylvania (Erie Co.), Vermont, Connecticut]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois (n.e.), Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska (e. & c.), North Dakota (e.), South Dakota (e.), Wisconsin]
Naturalized
Northern America
  • REGION: North America (natzd. elsewhere)

Reference(s)
  1. McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Note: = Zizania aquatica L.
  2. Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley. 1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas
  3. Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
  4. Terrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
  5. Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia
  6. Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania. Note: = Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodforagefor waterfowlTerrell, E. E. et al. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549.
Human foodcereal Warwick, S. I. & S. G. Aiken. 1986. Electrophoretic evidence for the recognition of two species in annual wild rice (Zizania, Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 11:464-473. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=42269. Accessed 27 October 2026.