Common names:

• euryale  (Source: Dict Rehm) - English
• foxnut  (Source: Dict Rehm) - English
• gorgon  (Source: Cornucopia) - English
• makhana  (Source: Dict Rehm) - India
• onibasu  (Source: F JapanOhwi) - Japanese Rōmaji
• rävnäckros  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• qian shi  (Source: F ChinaEng) - Transcribed Chinese
• gasiryeon  (Source: Kulturpflanze) - Transcribed Korean
• gasiyeonkkot  (Source: F Korea) - Transcribed Korean

Economic Importance:

• Environmental: ornamental ()
• Human food: starch ()
• Human food: vegetable ()
• Medicines: folklore ()

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Temperate

• RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Primorye]
• CHINA: China [Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang]
• EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Honshu, Kyushu] Korea, South, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

• INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India [Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal]
• INDO-CHINA: Myanmar (n.)


Cultivated




Asia-Temperate

• CHINA: China (s.)
• EASTERN ASIA: Korea

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
3. Deb, D. B. 1961. Dicotyledonous plants of Manipur territory Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3:316.
4. Facciola, S. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990 (Cornucopia)
5. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 (Mansf Ency)
6. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard)
7. Kak, A. M. 1985. Aquatic and wetland vegetation of the north western Himalaya—XXI. Family Nymphaeaceae in the north western Himalaya J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7:591-598.
8. Kak, A. M. 1990. Aquatic and wetland vegetation of the Kashmir Himalaya J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14:10.
9. Khanna, K. K. et al. Dicotyledonous plants of Uttar Pradesh: a checklist. (Dicot Pl Uttar Prad)
10. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
11. Kress, W. J. et al., eds. Revised checklist of the plants of Myanmar (Burma) (on-line resource). (L Myanmar Online)
12. Lee, Y. N. Flora of Korea. (F Korea)
13. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 (Herbs Commerce ed2)
14. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants (Kulturpflanze) 34:98.
15. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
16. Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series No. 21. (Med Pl Korea)
17. Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). (F JapanOhwi)
18. Personal Care Products Council International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI)
19. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994 (Dict Rehm)
20. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. (F India)
21. Shetty, B. V. & V. Singh, eds. Flora of India. Series 2: Flora of Rajasthan. (F Rajasthan)
22. Singh, N. P. et al. Flora of Bihar: analysis. (F Bihar)
23. Singh, N. P. et al., eds. Flora of Manipur. 2000- (F Manipur)
24. Singh, N. P., eds. Flora of Jammu & Kashmir. 2002- (F Jammu Kashmir)
25. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds with seed coat removed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image