Other conspecific taxa:

• Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica (1 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. matutina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor (3 accessions)

Common names:

• European wild pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• field pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• heart's-ease  (Source: Cornucopia) - English
• Johnny-jump-up  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• love-in-idleness  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• miniature pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• pansy  (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2) - English
• wild pansy  (Source: F BritStace) - English
• wild pansy   - English (Canada)
• pensée  (Source: F Canada) - French
• violette tricolore   - French (Canada)
• sanshiki-sumire  (Source: F Japan) - Japanese Rōmaji
• styvmorsviol  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• san se jin  (Source: F China) - Transcribed Chinese

Economic Importance:

• Environmental: ornamental
• Human food:
• Medicines:
• Weed: potential seed contaminant (common in several countries)

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Iran (n.w.), Turkey
• SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, Romania
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain


Cultivated (also cult.)

Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
2. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes. Note: mentions
3. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
4. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
6. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.
7. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 176.
8. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
9. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
10. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
11. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Viola+tricolor&quantity=1 target='_blank'
13. Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977-. Flora intramongolica.
14. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
15. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
16. Hinds, H. R. 2000. Flora of New Brunswick, ed. 2.
17. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
18. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening 4:673.
19. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
20. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
21. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
22. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
23. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
24. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
26. Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la flora vascular de Chile.
27. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
28. Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
29. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
30. Nauenburg, J. D. 1991. Taxonomie und Korrekturen zur Nomenklatur von Viola tricolor s.l. (Violaceae) in Mitteleuropa. Willdenowia 21:51-56.
31. Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967-. The vascular flora of Ohio.
32. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
33. Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
34. Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945-1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
35. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
36. Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
37. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
38. Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
39. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
40. Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
41. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
42. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
43. Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
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45. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida
46. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing