Other conspecific taxa:

• Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica (1 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. matutina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor (3 accessions)

Common names:

• European wild pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• field pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• heart's-ease  (Source: Cornucopia) - English
• Johnny-jump-up  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• love-in-idleness  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• miniature pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• pansy  (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2) - English
• wild pansy  (Source: F BritStace) - English
• pensée  (Source: F Canada) - French
• sanshiki-sumire  (Source: F Japan) - Japanese Rōmaji
• styvmorsviol  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• san se jin  (Source: F China) - Transcribed Chinese

Economic Importance:

• Environmental: ornamental ()
• Human food: vegetable (flowers as garnish fide Cornucopia)
• Medicines: folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Weed: potential seed contaminant (common in several countries fide Atlas WWeed)

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Iran (n.w.), Turkey
• SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, Romania
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain


Cultivated (also cult.)

Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
2. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. Flores des Mascareignes. (F Mascar)
3. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999- (F Egypt)
4. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993 (L Peru)
5. Chinese Academy of Sciences Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
6. Czerepanov, S. K. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). 1995 (L USSR)
7. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
8. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002 (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
9. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984 (Zander ed13)
10. Facciola, S. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990 (Cornucopia)
11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). (Ecocrop)
12. Fu, Y. C. et al. Flora intramongolica. (F InnMong)
13. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. 1991 (Glea Cron ed2)
14. Hickman, J. C., ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. 1993 (F CalifJep)
15. Hinds, H. R. Flora of New Brunswick, ed. 2. (F New Brunswick)
16. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979 (Atlas WWeed)
17. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard) 4:673.
18. Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
19. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. (L Maroc)
20. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999 (L Ecuador)
21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
23. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York. (F NE US)
24. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998 (Food Feed Crops US)
25. Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada Catálogo de la flora vascular de Chile. (L Chile)
26. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 (Herbs Commerce ed2)
27. Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer Flora of Alberta, ed. 2. (F Alberta)
28. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
29. Nauenburg, J. D. 1991. Taxonomie und Korrekturen zur Nomenklatur von Viola tricolor s.l. (Violaceae) in Mitteleuropa (Willdenowia) 21:51-56.
30. Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow) The vascular flora of Ohio. (F Ohio)
31. Personal Care Products Council International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI)
32. Pignatti, S. Flora d'Italia. (F Ital)
33. Pittier, H. F. et al. Catálogo de la flora venezolana. (L Venez)
34. Quézel, P. & S. Santa Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. (F Alger)
35. Radford, A. E. et al. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
36. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
37. Scoggan, H. J. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
38. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. (F India)
39. Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. (F BritStace)
40. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. Flora malesiana. (F Males)
41. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
42. Voss, E. Michigan flora. (F Mich)
43. Welsh, S. L. et al. A Utah flora. (F Utah ed2)
44. Wunderlin, R. P. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. 1998 (F Florida)
45. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. (L Argent)

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing