Other conspecific taxa:

• Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica (1 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. matutina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina (0 accessions)
• Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor (3 accessions)

Common names:

• European wild pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• field pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• heart's-ease  (Source: Cornucopia) - English
• Johnny-jump-up  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• love-in-idleness  (Source: Dict Gard) - English
• miniature pansy  (Source: Hortus 3) - English
• pansy  (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2) - English
• wild pansy  (Source: F BritStace) - English
• pensée  (Source: F Canada) - French
• sanshiki-sumire  (Source: F Japan) - Japanese Rōmaji
• styvmorsviol  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• san se jin  (Source: F China) - Transcribed Chinese

Economic Importance:

• Environmental: ornamental
• Human food:
• Medicines:
• Weed: potential seed contaminant (common in several countries)

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Iran (n.w.), Turkey
• SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, Romania
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain


Cultivated (also cult.)

Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
2. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes. Note: mentions
3. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
4. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
6. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.
7. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
8. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
9. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
10. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Viola+tricolor&quantity=1 target='_blank'
12. Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977-. Flora intramongolica.
13. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
14. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
15. Hinds, H. R. 2000. Flora of New Brunswick, ed. 2.
16. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
17. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening 4:673.
18. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
19. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
20. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
23. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
24. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
25. Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la flora vascular de Chile.
26. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
27. Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
28. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
29. Nauenburg, J. D. 1991. Taxonomie und Korrekturen zur Nomenklatur von Viola tricolor s.l. (Violaceae) in Mitteleuropa. Willdenowia 21:51-56.
30. Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967-. The vascular flora of Ohio.
31. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
32. Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
33. Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945-1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
34. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
35. Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
36. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
37. Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
38. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
39. Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
40. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
41. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
42. Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
43. Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora.
44. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida
45. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing