Other conspecific taxa:

• Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx (8 accessions)
• Primula veris subsp. suaveolens (1 accessions)
• Primula veris subsp. veris (0 accessions)

Synonyms:

• (=) Primula officinalis (L.) Hill

Common names:

• cowslip  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• gullviva  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• pervocvet vesennij  (Source: F Baltic) - Transliterated Russian

Economic Importance:

• Environmental: ornamental (fide Primula 105. 1993; Primula ed2, 109. 2003)
• Human food: vegetable (flowers used for garnish fide Cornucopia)
• Medicines: folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Iran (n.), Turkey (n.e.)
• CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine (incl. Krym)
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece (n.), Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France, Spain


Cultivated (also cult.)

Naturalized

Northern America

• Canada, United States

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
2. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
3. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002 (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
4. Euro+Med Editorial Committee Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). (EuroMed Plantbase)
5. Facciola, S. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990 (Cornucopia)
6. FNA Editorial Committee Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). (Ecocrop)
8. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. (L Medit)
9. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard)
10. Laasimer, L. et al., eds. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants. (F Baltic)
11. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 (Herbs Commerce ed2)
12. Personal Care Products Council International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI)
13. Richards, J. Primula. 1993 (Primula) 105.
14. Richards, J. Primula. 2003 (Primula ed2) 109.
15. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1972. Flora europaea. (F Eur) 3:16.

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing